Identity-the ways in which people define themselves as belonging to certain social groups, whether they are racial, national, religious, or connected with disability or sexual orientation.
“Identity is complicated-everybody thinks they’ve got one”-David Gauntlett
Collective Identity-the concept of a collective identity refers to a set of individual’s sense of belonging to a particular group or collective. From the perspective of the individual, the collective identity forms a part of his or hers personal identity.
“A focus on identity requires us to pay closer attention to the ways in which media and technologies are used in everyday life and their consequences for social groups” –David Buckingham
Colonialism- The policy/practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country. Also, occupying it with settlers and exploiting it economically.
“The theory of electronic colonialism extends the issue to global cultural issues and the impact of major multi-media conglomerates, ranging fro, Viacom, Time Warner, Disney, News Corp, Sony to Google and Microsoft with the focus on the hegemonic power of these mainly US-based communication giants.” –Wiki
Post Colonialism- (post-colonial theory) is a specifically post-modern intellectual discourse that consists of reactions to, and the analysis of, the cultural legacy of colonialism. Post-colonialism comprises a set of theories found amongst anthropology, architecture, philosophy, film, political science, human geography, sociology, feminism, religious and theological studies, and literature. The ultimate goal of post-colonialism is accounting for and combating the residual effects of colonialism on cultures.
Syncretism- the amalgamation or attempted amalgamation of different religions, cultures or schools of thought. (Amalgamation-process of combining or uniting multiple entitles into one individual form)
Post-Modernism- A set of ideas that replaced modernism as a way of interpreting society and culture. Postmodernism covers a wide range of philosophical, sociological, psychological and critical perspectives. Its key characteristics are disbelief in the idea of objective meaning. From a postmodernist point of view, there is no such thing as ‘truth’, only individual ways of interpreting the world. Postmodernist narratives tend to be highly self-reflexive and make extensive use of irony. Postmodernist criticism is generally interested in the ways that the appearance of meaning is created.
-Media & Film Studies Handbook (2007)
Urban Music- a genre of music covering such styles as Hip-Hop, Drum and Bass, R’n’B and garage.
–Mediadictionary.com
–Mediadictionary.com
Urban music was defined by the recordings of rhythm and blues or soul artists with broad crosser appeal. Urban contemporary began as an American radio format designed to appeal to advertisers who felt that “black radio” would not reach a wide enough audience. –Britannica.com
Imperial ‘Other’- relating to an empire, emperor, or empress. –Dictionary.reverso.net
Mediation- the process by which the media select, alter, interpret, edit or invent aspects of the world before presenting it to the audience in the form of representations. There is an important difference between mediated experience and ones direct personal experience. As a society we sometimes have more faith in the reality of mediated experience than in our own (e.g. the fascination with celebrities or the phenomenon of moral panics). According to the tabloid press, Britain
-Media & Film Studies Handbook (2007)
Hegemony- crudely, the power one social group wields over all the rest. However, hegemony is a more elusive and complex concept than this, involving not only the exercise of naked military and cultural power, but also the acceptance of this domination by the less powerful groups. History is full of examples, but in the modern era, the very fact that the USA is routinely referred to as the worlds only super power, despite the existence of China, serves to illustrate the stranglehold that the idea of supreme American power has on the popular imagination. One example of American hegemony is the cinema industry: Hollywood’s ownership and control over distribution and exhibition in most countries of the worlds has resulted in films made in Southern California being regarded as the norm by audiences worldwide, although the lifestyles and attitudes on show in the these films are very often radically different to local experience and tradition. Antonio Gramsci put forward the best-known explanation of hegemony, arguing that the ruling elite always makes great efforts to persuade the rest of the population that maintaining the status quo is ‘common sense’. This involves convincing them that supporting the interests of the elite is in their own interests.
-Media & Film Studies Handbook (2007)
Representation- (i) ‘showing’. This is a key concept in the analysis of media products. At a basic level, we can say that all media are forms of representation. A news broadcast represents to the audience events that have happened; a science-fiction film represents things that have not happened. However, the people involved in making the representation (the writers, the presenters or actors, the editors) are all governed by their own beliefs, values and attitudes. This means that no representation in the media is ever objective. Most media products tend to reproduce dominant ideologies in the way that they represent the world. This has led many minorities to complain that they are misinterpreted in media texts.
-Media & Film Studies Handbook (2007)
Youth Subculture- a generic term for the behaviour, interests and fashion adopted by young people. Teenagers as a demographic group did not really exist until the 1950s, before which time people were considered either 'adults' or 'children'. For various reasons, a new social group emerged at that time, with four main characteristics:
-extensive free time and for responsibilities
-economic power, money to spend on entertainment
-a strong interest in media products, especially pop music, TV and film
-a desire to be markedly different from both children and adults in dress, language and behaviour
These characteristics make youth culture very interesting (i.e. profitable) to the media industries. Youth subcultures were less conventional in dress attitude and for choice of media products. For example, the term 'middle youth' has been coined to identify a significant segment of the adult population who continue to be interested in the products of youth culture. the distinctions between youth cultures are also much less clear than previously. Nevertheless, the youth market and youth culture continue to be massively important to the media industries.
-Media & Film Studies Handbook (2007)
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